Optical fiber communication network

Author: Hosecom Release time: 2024-05-14 03:20:03 View number: 1121

What is a fiber optic network?

Optical fiber network, also known as optical communication network or optical fiber transmission network, is a communication network system that uses optical fiber as an information transmission medium. It achieves high-speed, large-capacity data transmission by converting data into light pulses and transmitting them in optical fibers.

The composition of the optical fiber network mainly includes the following parts:

Data source: includes all signal sources, such as signals obtained by source coding of voice, image, data and other services1.
Optical transmitter: responsible for converting electrical signals into optical signals suitable for transmission in optical fibers, such as common ONUs, SFP optical modules, etc. Optical transmitters and modulators superimpose or modulate information onto a carrier wave as an information signal carrier, and then send the modulated carrier wave to a remote receiving end through the transmission medium.
Optical fiber transmission medium: Optical fiber or optical cable constitutes the transmission path of light. The function is to couple the modulated light signal emitted by the transmitting end to the light detector at the receiving end after long-distance transmission through optical fiber or optical cable to complete the task of transmitting information.
Optical receiver: converts the optical signal transmitted from the optical fiber or optical cable into an electrical signal through the optical detector. Then, the weak electrical signal is amplified to a sufficient level through the amplifier circuit and sent to the electrical terminal at the receiving end. , Common optical receivers include GPon EPon ONU, SFP optical modules, etc.
Optical network equipment: such as optical repeaters, which are composed of optical detectors, light sources and decision regeneration circuits. They have two functions: one is to compensate for the attenuation of optical signals when they are transmitted in optical fibers; the other is to detect pulses with waveform distortion. plastic surgery.

The advantages of optical fiber networks include transmission frequency bandwidth, large communication capacity, small transmission loss, long relay distance, and strong anti-electromagnetic interference capabilities. However, the construction and maintenance costs of optical fiber networks are high and the requirements for geographical conditions are high. Nonetheless, fiber optic networks play an increasingly important role in modern communications networks

Optical fiber communication network

Fiber optic networks offer the following key advantages:

Greater bandwidth and faster speeds: Fiber optic networks support extremely high bandwidth and speeds, with each fiber capable of transmitting large amounts of information. This enables optical fiber networks to meet the needs of modern large-capacity data transmission and support applications such as high-definition video and online games.

Low cost: The most basic raw material for manufacturing glass optical fibers is silica, which is sand. Sand is almost inexhaustible in nature, so its potential cost is relatively low.
Thinner and lighter: Fiber optics are thinner and can be drawn into smaller diameters than copper wire. Fiber optics are smaller and lighter than similar copper wires, making them better suited where space is limited.
Higher carrying capacity: Because fiber optics is much thinner than copper wire, more fiber can be bundled into a given diameter of cable. This also allows optical fiber to carry higher communication capacity.
Small signal attenuation: The signal loss in optical fiber is smaller than that of copper wire.
Strong anti-interference ability: The basic component of optical fiber is quartz, which only transmits light, does not conduct electricity, and is not affected by electromagnetic fields. The optical signals transmitted in it are not affected by electromagnetic fields, so optical fiber transmission has a strong resistance to electromagnetic interference and industrial interference. Resistance.
Long lifespan: Fiber optics typically have a longer life cycle, typically over 100 years.
Long-distance transmission: Optical fiber networks can achieve long-distance data transmission, and the propagation loss of optical signals in optical fibers is relatively small. This makes fiber optic networks ideal for long-distance communications, such as undersea cables and other applications.

Although fiber optic cable has advantages over copper cable in terms of speed and bandwidth, it also has some disadvantages such as fragility, low power, distance, etc. However, with the development of technology, these problems are gradually being solved. Overall, fiber optic networks play an increasingly important role in modern communication networks.

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