The working principle of optical fiber access equipment mainly involves the conversion between optical signals and electrical signals. The following is how some common fiber access equipment works:
ONT (Optical Network Terminal): ONT converts optical signals transmitted from optical fibers into electrical signals and sends them to routers or switches. When converting optical signals, the optical module in the ONT converts the optical signal into an electrical signal, and then sends the converted electrical signal to a router or switch through a network cable to access the network.
ONU (Optical Network Unit): The working principle of ONU is similar to that of ONT. It also converts optical signals into electrical signals and then sends them to network equipment.
SFU (Single Family Unit): SFU is an ONT that generally has 1 to 4 Ethernet interfaces, 1 to 2 fixed phone interfaces, and some models also have cable TV interfaces. SFU does not have a home gateway function, and requires a terminal connected through the Ethernet port to dial-up Internet access, and the remote management function is weak.
HGU (Home Gateway Unit):HGU is also a kind of ONT. The optical modems equipped by FTTH users opened in recent years are all HGU. Compared with SFU, HGU has the following advantages: HGU is a gateway device, which is convenient for internal home networking; HGU supports routing mode and has NAT function, and is a three-layer device; HGU can implement its own broadband dial-up application, and connect computers and mobile terminals You can go online directly without dialing.
SBU (Single Business Unit): SBU is mainly used for access of FTTO users. It generally has an Ethernet interface. Some models have an E1 interface, a fixed phone interface, or have wifi function.
MDU (Multi-Dwelling Unit): MDU is mainly used for access of multiple residential users under FTTB application type. It generally has at least 4 user-side interfaces, usually with 8-way, 16-way, 24-way FE or FE+POTS (landline telephone) interface.
MTU (Multi-Tenant Unit): MTU is mainly used for access by multiple enterprise users or multiple terminals in the same enterprise in FTTB scenarios. In addition to having an Ethernet interface and a fixed phone interface, MTU may also have an E1 interface.
OLT (Optical Line Terminal): As the core equipment of the optical fiber communication system, OLT plays an important role in data aggregation, management and control. In the entire optical fiber network, the OLT is located in the central office and is responsible for communicating with the ONT at the user end and coordinating and controlling the transmission of data.
Generally speaking, the working principle of these optical fiber access equipment is mainly a network access technology that uses optical fiber as the transmission medium to transmit signals in the form of optical pulses. It converts optical signals into digital signals and transmits them to user terminals through optical fibers, ultimately achieving high-speed network access. The working principle of optical fiber access mainly includes three steps: the sending end sends signals, the optical fiber transmits signals, and the receiving end receives signals.
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